US GAAP and Foreign Companies Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction In order to develop homogenous accounting regulations. imposts and basic model of accounting norms. General Accepted Accounting Principles ( GAAP ) have emerged as standardised parametric quantities for readying of fiscal statements. The accounting and fiscal services have occupied a pre- dominant place in the present twenty-four hours context specially when the corporates of one state acquire their portions listed in another state for raising capital or as an investing avenues. In this context US GAAP assume great importance. as multinationals connected with US economic system need to follow US GAAP for readying of fiscal statements. Therefore. US GAAP is the new mantra for accounting and corporate finance professionals universe over. Beginnings of US GAAP There is no legal system prevalent in US to explicate or put accounting criterions. It is believed that concern and professional community in private sector have knowledge and resources to put criterions for their ain intents. In other words. We will write a custom essay sample on US GAAP and Foreign Companies Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page US GAAP is non written in jurisprudence. though certain coverage demands have been set up by Security and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) for public trading companies to follow and follow with. The ‘Financial Accounting Standards Board’ ( FASB ) has emerged to be an establishment that set criterions after confer withing professional and concern community and supplying them equal clip to debate the pros and cons of the affairs underlying the criterions. GASB ( Governmental Accounting Standard Board ) is another organic structure that attention for criterions to be followed by local and province authoritiess. Without holding a legal model accounting criterions are framed by the organic structures those have emerged largely out of irresistible impulse of standardisation and harmonisation of fiscal accounting systems in the United States. However. there are some organisations that influence the development of GAAP in the United States. These organisations are: The SEC encourages the constitution of private standard- scene organic structures through AICPA and FASB. SEC besides works closely with private organisations puting GAAP. but does non put GAAP itself. AICPA appointed Committee on Accounting Procedures ( CAP ) in 1939 that issued 51 Accounting Research Bulletins. Then it created the Accounting Principles Board ( APB ) . whose mission was to develop overall conceptual model. APB issued 31 sentiments and was dissolved. After the creative activity of FASB. AICPA established the Accounting Standards Executive Committee. It publishes Audit and Accounting Guidelines. Statements of places and pattern bulletins. AICPA council designated FASB as the organic structure that establishes accounting rule for federal entities. FASB has four major types of publications. viz. one ) Statements of Financial Accounting Standards. two ) Statements of Financial Accounting construct. three ) Interpretations. and four ) Technical Bulletins. Aims of US GAAP The companies are required to follow GAAP so that at least a minimal degree of consistence in the fiscal statements is maintained. Investors analyze companies’ fiscal statements for investing intents. GAAP screen such things as gross acknowledgment. balance sheet point categorization. and necessary revelations about alterations in accounting rules. That means all companies. whether domestic and foreign are expected to follow GAAP regulations when describing their fiscal informations via fiscal statements. The objectiveness of US GAAP is to run into cardinal intents of fiscal coverage and needed revelation. The intent of GAAP is that fiscal coverage should supply information that is: The aims of US GAAP are best understood by measuring the intents served by the fiscal statements ; US GAAP is based on following premises. rules and constrains. Premises and reported into different accounting periods. Principles This rule requires companies to account and describe on acquisition cost instead than just market value cost of most assets and liabilities. This rule requires companies to enter gross when gross is realized or realizable and earned and non when hard currency is received. Under this disbursals have to be matched with gross every bit long as it is sensible to make so. Expenses are recognized non when the work is performed. or when a merchandise is produced. but when the work or merchandise really makes part to gross. Information is presented in the chief organic structure of fiscal statement. in the notes or as auxiliary information. Constraints The benefit of supplying the fiscal information should besides weighed against the cost of supplying it. This recognizes that there is a cost associated with supplying utile information and that the cost should non transcend the benefit of holding the information. The significance of an point should be considered when it is reported. An point is considered important when it would impact the determination of a sensible person. Accounting processs should follow industry patterns. When taking between two solutions. the 1 that will be least likely to exaggerate assets and income should be picked. Foreign companies need to follow purely with US GAAP Any foreign company that offers securities in the US must follow with accounting regulations and ordinances prevalent in US. That is to state such company have to follow US GAAP with regard to preparation of and revelations in the fiscal statements. Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) keeps an oculus on such observations of accounting rules. Failures to make so can intend important clip holds and possible civil and condemnable punishments for company officers. Though US GAAP is non a written statute law. but rigorous conformity to it by foreign company making concern or registered with stock exchanges in the US is the chief demand. Jerry Arnold and others1in the article ‘What Foreign Filers Need to Know’ province â€Å"The ‘cultural shocks’ to a foreign company seeking to follow with US regulative construction can be tremendous. The SEC has virtually absolute authorization to oppugn the properness of application of US GAAP in a filing. and can and does force companies to repeat fiscal statements and will originate enforcement proceedings when it believes such are warranted. In crying state of affairss. instances are referred by the SEC to US Department of Justice for possible condemnable prosecutions. Foreign companies must guarantee that they. their hearers and legal advocate have sufficient expertness to minimise conformity jobs with US Torahs and ordinances. † SEC has granted certain grant to foreign companies with respect to filings. For illustration foreign companies are non required to register interim fiscal studies with SEC unless they make such information available in their place states. Besides interim studies do non hold to be reconciled to US GAAP. Consequently apprehension of US GAAP by foreign companies will assist such companies in run intoing with necessary conformities. Mentions 1Jerry Arnold and others. 2001 ‘What Foreign Filers Need to Know’. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. thefreelibrary. com/WHAT+Foreign+Filers+Need+to+KNOW-a074887661

Graphics essays

Graphics essays Graphics is a word used for all the different types of artwork, such as photographs, graphs, charts etc. Graphics packages may not be as detailed as you think. It can be a simple paint package, which has features of shading, drawing line diagrams and many other simple but effective features. These packages can be an alternative to complicated DTP packages. As it is very difficult to draw with the mouse, many people scan the drawings on the computer and now there are software packages, which do not use a mouse. New equipment used by professionals so that they can get pictures from a variety of places. A video grabber lets you get pictures from the television or a video camera and you then can alter it on your computer. A digital camera is also very popular as you can take pictures and then put them on your PC and alter then. This also means that you do not have to pay for the developing cost. You can also use clip art for pictures. When using a graphics package the graphics file can have the image represented as a: A bit map files makes every dot or pixel on the screen has a single bit of information in a file. If it is in colour, you then need to store additional bits. The disadvantage to this is that if you want to alter anything you have to change it at a pixel at a time. When you enlarge an image, the number of pixels stays the same. In vector graphics, the lines are stored as equations on the computer. They are stored in vectors. The advantage of vector graphics over bit map files is that it is easy to alter things without any loss in resolution. When you enlarge an image, the number of pixels increases to the proportion of the image. CAD packages use vector images. Clip Art is a collection of copyright-free drawings which you can place on your drawings. The drawings on clip-art look very professi ...

U.S.-Japanese Foreign Policies Before World War II

U.S.-Japanese Foreign Policies Before World War II On December 7, 1941, nearly 90 years of American-Japanese diplomatic relations spiraled into World War II in the Pacific. That diplomatic collapse is the story of how the foreign policies of the two nations forced each other into war. History U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry opened American trade relations with Japan in 1854. President Theodore Roosevelt brokered a 1905 peace treaty in the Russo-Japanese War that was favorable to Japan, and the two had signed a Commerce and Navigation Treaty in 1911. Japan had also sided with the U.S., Great Britain, and France during World War I. During that time, Japan also embarked on an empire that it modeled greatly after the British Empire. Japan made no secret that it wanted economic control of the Asia-Pacific region. By 1931, however, U.S.-Japanese relations had soured. Japans civilian government, unable to cope with the strains of the global Great Depression, had given way to a militarist government. The new regime was prepared to strengthen Japan by forcibly annexing areas in the Asia-Pacific, and it started with China. Japan Attacks China Also in 1931, the Japanese army launched attacks on Manchuria, quickly subduing it. Japan announced that it had annexed Manchuria and renamed it Manchukuo. The U.S. refused to diplomatically acknowledge the addition of Manchuria to Japan, and Secretary of State Henry Stimson said as much in the so-called Stimson Doctrine. That response, however, was only diplomatic. The U.S. threatened no military or economic retaliation. In truth, the United States did not want to disrupt its lucrative trade with Japan. In addition to a variety of consumer goods, the U.S. supplied resource-poor Japan with most of its scrap iron and steel. Most importantly, it sold Japan 80% of its oil. In a series of naval treaties in the 1920s, the United States and Great Britain had endeavored to limit the size of Japans naval fleet. However, they had made no attempt to cut off Japans supply of oil. When Japan renewed aggression against China, it did so with American oil. In 1937, Japan began a full-blown war with China, attacking near Peking (now Beijing) and Nanking. Japanese troops killed not only Chinese soldiers, but women and children as well. The so-called Rape of Nanking shocked Americans with its disregard for human rights. American Responses In 1935 and 1936, the United States Congress had passed Neutrality Acts to prohibit the U.S. from selling goods to countries at war. The acts were ostensibly to protect the U.S. from falling into another war like World War I. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the acts, although he did not like them because they prohibited the U.S. from helping allies in need. Still, the acts were not active unless Roosevelt invoked them, which he did not do in the case of Japan and China. He favored China in the crisis, and by not invoking the 1936 act he could still shuttle aid to the Chinese. Not until 1939, however, did the United States begin to directly challenge continued Japanese aggression in China. That year the U.S. announced it was pulling out of the 1911 Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with Japan, signaling a coming end to trade with the empire. Japan continued its campaign through China, and in 1940 Roosevelt declared a partial embargo of U.S. shipments of oil, gasoline, and metals to Japan. That move forced Japan to consider drastic options. It had no intention of ceasing its imperial conquests, and it was poised to move into French Indochina. With a total American resource embargo likely, Japanese militarists began looking at the oil fields of the Dutch East Indies as possible replacements for American oil. That presented a military challenge, though, because the American-controlled Philippines and the American Pacific Fleet based at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, were between Japan and the Dutch possessions. In July 1941, the United States completely embargoed resources to Japan, and it froze all Japanese assets in American entities. The American policies forced Japan to the wall. With the approval of Japanese Emperor Hirohito, the Japanese Navy began planning to attack Pearl Harbor, the Philippines, and other bases in the Pacific in early December to open the route to the Dutch East Indies. Ultimatum: The Hull Note The Japanese kept diplomatic lines open with the United States on the off-chance they could negotiate an end to the embargo. Any hope of that vanished on November 26, 1941, when U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull handed Japanese ambassadors in Washington D.C. what has come to be known as the Hull Note. The note said that the only way for the U.S. to remove the resource embargo was for Japan to: Remove all troops from China.Remove all troops from Indochina.End the alliance it had signed with Germany and Italy the previous year. Japan could not accept the conditions. By the time Hull delivered his note to the Japanese diplomats, imperial armadas were already sailing for Hawaii and the Philippines. World War II in the Pacific was only days away.

Teaching Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Teaching Styles - Essay Example The teachers should indicate where the progress of every student is being made. Praise, when earned makes the student aware and feels his success. Constructive criticism may be needed where persistent errors are being made. 4. Independence. The learner's gradual independence from adults and their increasing sense of responsibility are positive indicators of good teaching. The degree of independence gained in a given period should eventually measure up with the maturity level of the student. 5. Remedial teaching. Good teaching is both diagnostic and remedial in many subjects. There are various standardized achievement and diagnostic tests to help teachers to identify specific errors and weaknesses of students. Teacher-made tests made on content of the subject matter also indicate where remedial teaching may be required. 7. Integration. Building upon previous knowledge and experiences acquired, new learning experiences will undoubtedly contribute to an integration of what has been completed into the new learning experiences. 8. Lesson planning. Learning units, lessons and activities for the day and even house-keeping must be well-planned. Daily activity should be thoughtfully planned indicating the detailed procedure and the time frame for each topic. The common strategies and techniques used in teaching are the following: 1.) lecture 2.) discussion 3.) question-and-answer 4.) lecture-demonstration 5.) problem strategy 6.) project method 7.) laboratory 8.) field trip 9.) group or team teaching and 10.) drill strategy or practice. Lecture Strategy. This is classified as an authoritative teaching procedure wherein the teacher teaches largely through exposition, either oral or written. While other authorities view the lecture strategy as traditional procedure, lecture is the most natural and practical way of imparting information. Its efficacy, however, depends upon who does the lecturing, what new information he has to impart, and how he presents it. Lecturing is most often considered as a suitable technique for large groups of listeners, although it may also be used with the small groups. If not properly delivered, lectures may be time-consuming. Even a good lecture may fail as a teaching procedure if the recipient-- the listeners-are not able to follow or to understand the facts presented. As used in higher education, lecture strategy is a teaching procedure which involves clarification, exposition, and description of some major ideas that have been cast into the form of questions. The fundamental aim of lecture is to develop the act of listening and to develop creative thinking and reasoning. It is therefore, recommended that, for the lecture to be effective and productive, it must be interesting, well-expresses, concise, well-organized and adapted to the abilities and experiences of the listeners. Lecture fits into the classroom activities where it is needed to supplement the textbook, classroom discussion, student report, and individual study. A lecture may be either formal or

Based on What you choose in Proverb list Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Based on What you choose in Proverb list - Essay Example Besides, the Bible has for generation been awarded the characteristic of being a holy book, which was written by people inspired by God. In the Bible, Solomon considerably is the wisest man alive. This being considered, it is only logical that the principles he articulates in the book about business are fundamental to any person who undertakes business ventures. In the book of proverbs, there are elements about business that touches on the various ideologies. These elements are such as money, how to conduct oneself in business and trade, the offering and accepting of bribes and the view of work. Solomon has denoted each of this work as being vital for one to experience success in business and has to be taken under keen consideration at all times. Apart from these elements, there are more principles that all are based on the ethics that any businessperson should consider when dealing with fellow businesspersons and customers. Money is the item that one exchanges for the benefit that could be a service or good. This element is vital in trade as it considerably determines what amount of services one gets or how many goods one could successfully purchase. In the book of proverbs, there are several ideologies from the verses about money according to Solomon. In the book of proverbs (17:16), Solomon articulates that money can be good and there are ways it could be a source of problems. Under this statement, Solomon has a vital point that comes across to any person that could want to establish business to earn some money. Money has the ability to end people’s problems in the sense that, using money, one could acquire whatever commodity he feels he is in need of, thus ending the sense of yearning for it. From the same statement, he denotes that money could also be the source of problems, shows that, money could land the same person who enjoys its benefits of it in trouble. The same verse in proverbs goes further stating that it is only when one is wise

DMC Review Papers Essay Example for Free

DMC Review Papers Essay As Mr. Grant, CEO of DMC has realized, the current growth strategy of the company is insufficient. DMC needs to identify their primary business problems and prepare a new or revised strategy with alternative tactics to address it. Even though DMC had grown to become a multi-billion dollar company and consistently ranked in the top five in their industry, DMC’s returns between 2008 and 2012 showed great profits and loss swings unpredictably. These ranged from a net income loss of $1.5 billion in 2008, . 9 billion in 2009, to a profit of $1.9 billion in 2010, $1.7 billion in 2011 then a loss of 1 billion in net income in 2012, the most recent year. (Table 1) Despite of the up-side-down net income and over $3 billion in long-term debt, DMC was able to make financial arrangements for a line of credit of from $500 million to nearly $2 billion to finance potential acquisitions of major competitors whose financial situations made them available. DMC’s top management team is well aware that a major change in strategy causes other changes. This also causes each manager concerned how his/her own area will change, even while they all know they have to help determine a direction that is the best overall choice for the company. They are well aware that the current growth strategy is insufficient. Top management team also need to consider whether or not a chosen target segment is profitable enough to pursue, and how these changes might influence manufacturing, supply chain, and personnel. Depending upon future direction, there will likely be an impact on information system as well. While IT is a progressive management team who is always willing to implement technical solutions to expedite product development and sales, their budget has been constrained along with all departments over the course of recent recession and the variability of returns to the company. Finance and accounting remain concerned about cash flow demands a nd financial activity for major company undertakings. HR knows from experience that major change can have a significant impact on staffing and morale. Besides company own business problems, DMC also faces industry’s issues as well. In the highly volatile electronics industry, international competition put pressure on the way DMC traditionally did business, including with whom, where, and at what price levels. Their ability to respond rapidly to market change is always difficult, based upon the nature of the product and the heavy investment required for future technologies. As a result, development costs continue to rise while sale margins have dropped steadily. In their industry, innovation is not an option, but an absolute necessity and maintaining a competitive advantage and building market share comes slowly and only to the best and smartest companies. DMC needs to consider the selling to wholesale distributor, particularly VAR. The VAR group always has irregular demand, as they react to the supply chain cycle of their small manufacturing customers and budget cycles for equipment upgrade customers. This segment is highly price sensitive, demanding attractive discounts and low delivery costs. Because of their reactions to the change in the market, DMC will be affected as numbers of demand increase or decrease irregularly, increasing unit cost of production. Now with DMC’s business problems, including within industry problems, have been issued they need a new or revised strategy, which, obviously, would lead to the best overall outcomes. With the problem of net income up and down dramatically and COGS as percentage of sales being a large number affecting net income, DMC needs to find a way to prove selling. They need a more effective way to sell product. Besides, new product development is always important to DMC. The founders believed that the experience of an entrepreneurial driver or team had to start from scratch and create success. They did not believe the future evolved from forecasting or planning in the technology world. The company identified outstanding managers coming up through the ranks, selected a few each year, and gave each $5 million to â€Å"make something happen.† With three or four new product efforts each year, they recognized most might fail, but hoped the winners would make up for the losers. With that in mind, DMC tries to create the own personal computer and touch screen products. It might fail  most of the time but it only needs one success to build up the brand and the future direc tion of the company. DMC really needs to take direct sales to the end user customer into consideration. Even though the Business-to-consumer (B2C) is not common in the electronic components industry, it is well worth the try. After an informal meeting with VP of IT, CEO Grant understands the possibility of moving into B2C without a large capital outlay if they could allocate some dedicated programming time to the project. There are still some concerns over the fact that the sales team would have to be heavily involved in any project like this and smaller orders would not be cost effective and would require too much support for product selection. However, the IT team’s view of sales on the web was that it could a relatively automated process, with a built-in digital configurator tool to help customers choose the right parts with minimal human intervention overall. With the B2C on the line, DMC can seriously consider cutting wholesale distributor like VAR. They not only can save the dollars-turn in every product but also avoid the irregular demand from VAR. With the B2C interface, DMC has the advantage knowing what customers need and the way they thinking. DMC can react quickly to market change and therefore save a lot of money in cost of unit production. B2C e-commerce has a lot of advantages in the business world nowadays. By using B2C, DMC can easily reach worldwide market with unlimited volume of customers. They also can display information, pictures, and prices of products or services without spending a fortune on colorful advertisements. By reducing the cost of advertisements, DMC can save a lot of money and use that to spend for new product development and make up the cost of changing strategies toward each functional division effectively. In some cases, B2C e-commerce makes order processing an easier task than before. With that, DMC als o can save up a lot of cost production and use that to make the selling more effective. One of the biggest advantages of B2C e-commerce is that DMC can operate on decreased, little, or even no overhead. Also, as VP of manufacturing Bret Hendricks expresses, DMC manufactured  division already do a great job of controlling costs and improving processes. He strongly feels his group cannot achieve any more efficiencies from the manufacturing lines unless they do a major overhaul and replace some of the manufacturing systems. With the strong competition from foreign suppliers who receiving funding from government, DMC really needs to find a way to make the manufacturing processes strongly effective. That should be done even it takes a great cost and time to do a major change. In the financial aspect, DMC has been good of negotiating deals with the company’s line credit to create resource and capital for the company major moves like acquisitions and mergers. However, the financial team needs to work on more areas to explore to lower general operating expenses that create problems for the bottom line. The idea of direct sales floating around is very promising. This can create pricing to wash any increased handling costs and significantly exceed the margin offered to their larger wholesale customers to make the new venture worthwhile. However, the difficulty lies on calculating ROI on any type of IT project. There were many variables and intangible benefits to consider. Lastly, if DMC is going to do a major change in strategy, they need to consider the large expenses of doing so. One of the major changes can be made is that DMC might consider insourcing. While outsourcing saves money in the short term, over the long run the company may suffer from not having a large enough employee pool to promote from in certain areas. The IT division of DMC has been doing well over the past. They need to continue to do so and try to explore in some new Business Intelligence tools. That includes the process of running the electronic commerce site. The IT team is a talented team, VP of IT division could try to create things that keep them motivated and create more ideas to help the company’s success. Overall, the main business problems of DMC is their ineffective selling led to dramatically up and down income and their COGS being a large number affecting sales; the functional division that requires lot of things in order to create a change in strategy, this includes cost, time and human resources; management problems of choosing a right market segment; DMC’s  problems within the industry such as international competition, the adaption of market changes response and the increase of development cost. However, DMC also has many opportunities and advantages such as the ability to deal with financial institution with credit card in order to have capital preparing for acquisitions or merger. They also have a good IT team, manufacturing process and talented human resources. DMC already established their reputation as one of the dominant computer component manufacturers in the world. Recommendation for DMC is that they should consider creating a major change in strategy and manufacturing process to make the company sales more effective. In order to do so, they would need to prepare a brief and careful plan because it requires much of cost and time involving all of the company divisions. DMC also needs to invent and explore more to create new products and choose the right market segment. They need to find a way to deal with international competition’s pressure and respond quickly to market change. COGS as percentage of sales needs to be adjusted so that the net income and sales of the company don’t be affected in a wrong way. Lastly, because DMC has problems with market changing and wholesale distributor’s irregular demands, they should seriously consider starting B2C e-commerce. The advantages of B2C e-commerce could really change the status of the company and make sales and manufacturing process more effective.

Characters of Beloved Essay example -- essays research papers

Characters of Beloved Sethe Sethe is a hardened but loving woman. Her memories of the brutality she suffered as a slave corrupt her everyday life and lead her to conclude that past trauma can never really be forgotten; it reveals itself at every chance. She thus spends her life attempting to avoid encounters with her past. The quality that best describes Sethe in my mind is persistence. Her constant devotion to Denver and her ability to function daily with her ever-present mind-scars shows an inspirational inner strength. Also, the act of attempting to kill you’re children to prevent their suffering is proof of her devotion to her children’s wellbeing (though obviously questionable to say the least) and her hatred of the slavery that has destroyed her life. So in respect to this, I compa...

Nordstrom Essay

The economic crisis that started in 2007 affected the business of upscale department stores countrywide. Upscale department stores understand that the items they sell are considered discretionary items, so when there is an economic downturn, they are one of the first industries to be hit. When looking over the Nordstrom Annual Reports from the last few years, there are two things evident: this company has a lasting strategy and they work hard to continuously evolve this strategy. Their strategy includes constantly evaluating risks in the market such as economic conditions, competitive market forces, availability of merchandise, and growth. With an incredible sense to stay ahead of the trends, minimize turnover time, and serve their customers with an uncanny ability, they have easily become one of the top department stores in the country. Nordstrom’s core strength revolves around their customer-first attitude, customer loyalty and their aptitude for merchandising. Going forward we want to be more than just customer focused. Instead, we’re working to become a truly customer-driven organization. †[1] One way Nordstrom is working to become more customer-driven is by building upon their multi-channel system. This multi-channel network, known as Nordstrom Direct, is made up of their online site, and catalog. Over the past three years, Nordstrom has made great strides to ensure that they are fulfilling the needs and desires of all customers. â€Å"We believe online and ecommerce represent our next big opportunities. Within two years more customers will access the Internet via their phone than their computers. We’re responding†[2] All of the effort put into the improvement of the system is showing clear results in the financials. The economic recession was felt all over the U. S. including Nordstrom, however they were able to experience an 8. 4% increase in Nordstrom Direct sales during the 2008 fiscal year. [3] Along with improving Nordstrom Direct, an immense amount of effort is being devoted to both the full-line stores and the Nordstrom Rack. Not only has the number of stores expanded over the last few years with a growth of sixteen new stores in 2009 and twenty in 2010, they are capitalizing on their merchandising. Nordstrom takes immense pride in their buyers and the work that these buyers have done over the last few years at the core of the company. They ensure that they are maximizing merchandise flexibility to maintain trends and to evolve with the customers and their ever-changing wants. Merchandise is now as current as it’s ever been, and there is a steady, fresh flow of fashion in and out of the store with a quick turnover system that has been set in place. Customer loyalty is one of the top ways Nordstrom keeps their customers coming back. The relationship with a Nordstrom employee and the customer is a two-way street. The company makes their priorities known and their customers are loyal to them because of it, responding in a very positive way to the services provided. Employees pride themselves on their relationships with customers and ability to provide them with an enjoyable shopping experience. Nordstrom was fortunate to maintain themselves as a company through the 2008 crisis, with a maximum decline of 12. % in sales and a quick rebound. By 2010 they had increased in-store sales by 8. 1% and set a record-breaking sales number at $9. 31 billion. The right strategy and actions performed in the right circumstances will produce growth, and this is what Nordstrom continues to experience with their customer service strategies. â€Å"We plan to keep a steady focus on our customers. We follow, first and foremost, a customer strategy at Nordstrom — not a price, brand, technology or any other corporate strategy. †

Research about plastic recycling Essay

1. Introduction The task for the students was to write about a topic that interested them, and to apply the learned knowledge and skills in connection with the course information literacy. First step was to get an idea of what to write, therefore brainstorming was the adequate method. With the gained information an own mindmap was created. Underneath, we can find both brainstorms, according to those brainstorms the topic has been chosen. Then the research question was formulated: â€Å"What should we do with our plastic rubbish?† Furthemore three subquestions were formulated: â€Å"What is the current situation of plastic pollution?† â€Å"How can we recycle our plastic rubbish?† and â€Å"Which are the best possibilities to recycle plastic?† The purpose of this research is to find out the damage that is caused by plastic rubbish and how to avoid it. Plastic rubbish is a global problem and affects us all. This research will be based on secondary research, so by existing literature. The following chapters describe the findings of this report. Firstly it explains the search plan, made to lead the research. Secondly summaries of two main articles will be given and judged upon their professionalism due to the help of the CARS checklist. A literature review of one of the summarized reports will be given. The report will also contain a chapter about plagiarism and research ethics, which are very important to remember while writing a report. Finally the last chapter â€Å"discussion and conclusion† summarizes the findings of this report. Table 1:Samuel Thà ¶nnes, course Information Literacy. Table 2: Samuel Thà ¶nnes, course Information Literacy. 2. Search plan 1. Search question: What is the current situation in plastic pollution? How can we recycle our plastic rubbish? Which are the best possibilities to recycle plastic? 2. Search terms: plastic rubbish worldwide, problems of plastic rubbish (worldwide), Recycling methods for plastic, most effective recycling methods for plastic, plastic recycling process, innovative plastic recycling methods 3. Information search method: internet search engines (google, bing), internet library HZ 4.Information sources used: scientific articles, reports, websites 3. Summary of the article â€Å"Global declaration on plastic pollution†. Nowadays people are in permanent contact with packages, bottles, toys and a lot more products consisting out of plastic. Most of the products end up as rubbish after the first hour they have been bought. About the question what  is happening to the plastic once it is thrown away, hardly anyone is thinking. The answer is simple, the plastic is coming back to cause even more damage. The way it comes back hardly anyone can imagine. It is coming back through our food chain, to fulfill its task, causing diseases to animals and finally to human kind, which is last in the food chain. For the last 60 years society has been using plastic in a wasteful way, with little concern in which ways this valuable, important and useful product can properly be disposed or recycled. The results are catastrophic, between 60 to 80 % of marine debris are in direct connection with plastic products. In the 5 largest gyres of our oceans enormous quantities of plastic are concentrated, with enormous consequences for the animals that live in the ocean. The consequences are going further to the food chain and human health. (Catto Fellowship Program, 2012, p.2) Plastic is not biodegradable, its decomposing into micro particles. Those tiny pieces are impossible to get out of the water, and the pollution degree is growing on a daily basis. The ocean plastic pollution can be identified as persistent, bioaccumulating and toxic substances. Due to chemical substances, as polychlorinated biphenol, PCBs, the pesticide DDT, several chronic health effects, as endocrine disruption, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity can be observed. (Catto Fellowship Program, 2012, p. 2) After summarizing the main facts of the pollution which can be traced to plastic rubbish, the next step is to find out what possibilities do we have to recycle the plastic. 3.1 CARS checklist on â€Å"Global declaration on plastic pollution†. CREDIBILITY: -Trustworthy source: As the article †Global declaration on plastic pollution† is a submission from the united nations conference on  sustainable development in advance of the Rio earth summit, I would call this source a very reliable one. – Author’s credentials: Detailed information are not given. Only given is that it is the Catto Fellowship Program an initiative from the UN. – Evidence of quality control: This article was published on the online site of the UN, which has to make sure that the quality of the published articles are good. – Known or respected authority/organizational support: The united nations are well known and have respected authority. Organizational support is also given through several experts, which is ubiquitous knowledge, that these kind of organizations have full access to any kind of expertise. Conclusion: The CREDIBILITY of this research is given. ACCURACY: – up-to-date(partially): The research was published in June 2012, nevertheless the used facts have not changed since then. – factual/detailed/exact: This submission contains detailed facts as it was prepared for the â€Å"Rio Earth Summit†. It is worked out in a very detailed way. -comprehensive: As 172 governments participated on the â€Å"Rio Earth Summit†, it was written in a very comprehensive way, which is also accessible to public. -Audience and purpose reflect intentions of completeness and accuracy: This document supports my own research, as it is giving me important facts about the world wide pollution of plastic rubbish. Conclusion: the ACCURACY of this research is given. REASONABLENESS: -Fair/ Balanced/ Objective/Reasoned: This document has been written in a very objective way, reasoned by facts, which have been researched through  experts. Furthermore that makes it fair and balanced. -No conflict of interest: We can find a conflict of interest between the research of the United Nations and large industrial companies, which are depending on the wasteful use of plastic. Despite the fact that this conflict of interest can not be found in the text, but relies on common sense. -Absence of fallacies or slanted tone: Nevertheless no slanted tone against anyone was found in the document, which makes it very objectively. Conclusion: The REASONABLENESS of this research is given. SUPPORT: – Listed sources: At the end we can find several companies which support the ideas of the United Nations. – Contact information: Contact information are provided through the United Nations itself, and can be found on their website. Conclusion: the SUPPORT of this research is given; as we could contact co-workers from the United Nations, to get more information. 3.2 Literature Review on â€Å"Global declaration on plastic pollution†. What is the specific topic of this article? The topic of this article is about the actual situation in plastic pollution world wide. What is the objective of this article? The objective of this article is to provide information about the world wide plastic pollution. In this case it was written for the â€Å"Rio Earth Summit. What are the theoretical assumptions? Assumption 1: Plastic pollution is a global problem. Assumption 2: A huge part of the ocean is affected by plastic pollution. Assumption 3: Plastic pollution is getting worse every day, and has to be stopped. How do the theoretical assumptions fit to your research? The theoretical assumptions do fit my research, because it answers the sub question â€Å"What is the current situation in plastic pollution?† Is there reference to specific concepts of theories/ What are the sources of information the author used? Unfortunately there are no specific information about the author. Only information about the organization, the United Nations, are given. What is the research method? The article has been written through expert opinions, which are working for the United Nations. Which type of material does the article present? As it is written from experts it contains their own field research. How did the author analyze and present the data? The data were presented relying on facts through expertise, so the author based the article on expertise. Does the author describe how the data could be interpreted? A clear description is not contain, the article only gives information about the actual plastic pollution situation and the consequences. What are the main conclusions in the article? As main conclusion it can clearly been identified that the actual situation is catastrophic and is even getting worse. 60 to 80% of marine debris are in direct contact with plastic pollution, the 5 largest gyres of our oceans show an enormous concentration of plastic pollution. This high concentration of plastic pollution results into our food chain being affected and finally being the cause for several diseases for animals and humanity. 4.Summary of the article „5 Stages of the Plastic Recycling Process† Defintion First of all it has to be clarified what plastic recycling means by definition: â€Å"Plastic recycling is the term given to the processing of waste plastic which turns old or scrap plastic in to a useable product which can then re-enter the manufacturing chain. In order for the plastic to be in a suitable format for re use in manufacturing environments such as by injection moulding companies the waste or scrap plastic, needs to go through several recycling processes†. (Daniel Marriott, 5 Stages of Plastic Recycling Process, 2011) Classify Numbers Before explaining the 5 stages of the plastic recycling process, the importance of the 7 numbers given to each plastic product while being produced, has to be explained. -Number 1 is used for â€Å"PETE†, which means Poly(ethylene terephthalate): Soda bottles, water bottles, vinegar bottles, medicine containers, backing for photography film. -Number 2 is used for â€Å"HDPE†, which means high-density Polyethylene: Containers for: laundry/dish detergent, fabric softeners, bleach, milk, shampoo, conditioner, motor oil.  Newer bullet proof vests, various toys. -Number 3 is used for â€Å"V†, which means Poly(vinyl cloride): Pipes, shower curtains, meat wraps, cooking oil bottles, baby bottle nipples, shrink wrap, clear medical tubing, vinyl dashboards and seat covers, coffee containers. -Number 4 is used for â€Å"LDPE†, which means low-density Polyethylene: Wrapping films, grocery bags, sandwich bags. -Number 5 is used for â€Å"PP†, which means Pol ypropylene: Tupperware ®, syrup bottles, yogurt tubs, diapers, outdoor carpet. -Number 6 is used for â€Å"PS†, which means Polystyrene: Coffee cups, disposable cutlery and cups (clear and colored), bakery shells, meat trays, â€Å"cheap† hubcaps, packing peanuts, styrofoam insulation. -Number 7 is used for â€Å"OTHER† Products labeled as â€Å"other† are made of any combination of 1-6 or another, less commonly used plastic and therefor very difficult to recycle. (Eco Reading, 2007) 5 Stages of Plastic recycling Stage one – Sorting the plastic In the first stage the plastic is collected by the recycling company and gets to the recycling plant. At the plant the plastic gets sorted out into specific types of plastic. In total 7 different numbers which are used to specify, which kind of plastic is maintained, can be identified: The problem in plastic recycling is that mixed recycled plastic cannot deliver good quality in manufacturing, therefore it is sometimes difficult or impossible to recycle the plastic to produce new plastic out of it. Recycling companies must therefore pay attention especially to sort out waste plastic. Stage two – Washing Waste Plastic Once the plastic has been sorted out, the washing process begins. Paper labels get removed, as adhesives and other impurities. Any third-party product on the plastic will lower the quality of the recycled plastic. StageThree- Shredding the Plastic In the third step the plastic is getting shredded through huge hoppers that funnel the clean scrap towards rotating metal teeth. The plastic is ripped in to small pellets, which are bagged and tested afterwards. Stage Four – Identify and Classify the Plastic After being bagged the plastic is getting tested chemically and labelled to its exact specification. Either the rGrade plastic can be used for manufacturing by adding a mix of virgin plastic, or it can be further recycled. Stage Five – Extruding In the last step the clean shredded plastic is going to be extruded in to form of pellets, so that it can be either used for manufacturing of for further recycling. (Daniel Marriott, 5 Stages of Plastic Recycling Process 2011) 4.1 CARS checklist on „5 Stages of the Plastic Recycling Process†. CREDIBILITY: -Trustworthy source: PR Log is an online press release distribution and press release submission service. Main objective of this site is to publish news from all over the world in the industry sector. The article â€Å"5 Stages of the Plastic Recycling Process† is supported by the company â€Å"Ck Polymers†, which is a multi-national distributor of rGrade plastic. Therefore we can call this source trustworthy. – Author’s credentials: The author â€Å"Daniel Marriott† is mentioned, it is possible to contact him via email through a hyperlink and via his phone number. 0845 8730037. As a conclusion it can be said, if further questions are necessary, it would be possible to contact the author. – Evidence of quality control: This article was published on the online site  of â€Å"PR Log† and is supported by the company â€Å"Ck Polymers†, which makes sure that the quality of the article is given. – Known or respected authority/organizational support: â€Å"PR Log† is a registered company and all the published content must be controlled. Furthermore it is supported by the company â€Å"Ck Polymers†, which is in the recycling business. Conclusion: The CREDIBILITY of this article is given. ACCURACY: – up-to-date: The article was published in October 2011, we can not call this up-to-date, on the other hand it can not be called old, because the process has probably not changed. – factual/detailed/exact: This article only contains facts , is very detailed and exact about the whole process and the five steps. -comprehensive: The article is very easy to understand and to read , which makes is very comprehensive.the -Audience and purpose reflect intentions of completeness and accuracy: This article supports my own research, as it is giving me important facts about the plastic recycling process. Conclusion: the ACCURACY of this research is given. REASONABLENESS: -Fair/ Balanced/ Objective/Reasoned: This document has been written in a very objective way, reasoned by facts, which have been researched through the company â€Å"Ck Polymers†, which exerts the written process. Furthermore the article is fair and balanced as no one is getting offended. -No conflict of interest: No conflict of interest can be found in the article, as it is only informing about a possible recycling process. No one gets offended. -Absence of fallacies or slanted tone: No slanted tone against anyone was found in the article, which makes it very objectively. Conclusion: The REASONABLENESS of this research is given. SUPPORT: – Listed sources: At the end of the article three hyperlinks can be found, leading to â€Å"Ck Polymers†, where the information is coming from. – Contact information: Either the possibility is given to contact directly the author of the article, or through the hyperlink from the company â€Å"Ck Polymers†. Conclusion: the SUPPORT of this research is given 4.2 Literature Review on „5 Stages of the Plastic Recycling Process†. What is the specific topic of this article? The topic of this article is the five step plastic recycling process. What is the objective of this article? The objective of this article is to provide information about how the five step plastic recycling process works in practice. What are the theoretical assumptions? Assumption 1: Plastic recycling is a great economically opportunity. Assumption 2: The recycling process is simple and effective. How do the theoretical assumptions fit to your research? The theoretical assumptions do fit my research, because it answers the sub question â€Å"How can we recycle plastic?† The article shows me a clear opportunity how to recycle plastic? Is there reference to specific concepts of theories/ What are the sources of information the author used? There is a reference existing, linking to a company using the five step recycling process. The author is basing his information on this source/company. What is the research method? The research method is secondary research, the author made a research by contacting the company to get detailed information. Which type of material does the article present? The article presents detailed knowledge about the recycling process. How did the author analyze and present the data? The data were presented relying on facts through expertise from the company â€Å"Ck Polymers†, so the author based the article on the expertise of the company. Does the author describe how the data could be interpreted? An interpretation is not available, the article only gives information about the five step recycling process. What are the main conclusions in the article? The main conclusion in this article is that we can make the difference between 7 different numbers every plastic material contains for the recycling process. Furthermore we get a detailed explanation about the five  step process, in which the plastic gets sorted, washed, schredded, identified/classified and finally extruded. The end product is called rGrade plastic, which can either be manufactured by adding virgin plastic, or being used for further recycling. 5. Summary of the article â€Å"Startups make plastic rubbish to oil†. This article is about the possibility to transform plastic rubbish into oil. Oil is one of the most used and important products and nowadays called the â€Å"black gold†. Oil relies on 10% of the world wide plastic production, so the main question should be. Why don’t we recycle it back to oil? The possibility for this recycling process is given now. Pioneer companies as â€Å"Agilyx† and â€Å"Vadxx† developed a process, in which plastic can be transformed to oil again. The result is out of 5 kilogram plastic, 3,8 liter oil can be won.. Looking at the yearly production of 265 million tons of plastic, which moves right away to our garbage 1.5 billion barrels of oil, could be recycled. Only in Europe around 70 million tons of plastic rubbish are ending up on landfills. Looking at the actual landfills, which could be seen as giant oil pits. The process is simple. In a first step the plastic gets assorted. In the second step the assorted plastic gets shredded and heated up to 400 degrees. The resulting synthetic gas cools down and is transformed into the end product, oil. According to â€Å"Agilyx† 75% of the oil, which is located in the plastic, can be recycled. Not forgetting the CO2 emission, which is 60 % lower as if we would simply burn the plastic. (Innovation: Startup makes plastic to oil, 2013) Meanwhile this plastic recycling noise is spreading all over the world. In Germany for example the company â€Å"Nill Tech† situated in Mannheim has opened a factory, which is using the same procedure.(Company in Mannheim makes plastic to oil, 2013) 5.1 CARS checklist on â€Å"Startups make plastic rubbish to oil† and â€Å"Company in Mannheim makes plastic to oil†. CREDIBILITY: – Trustworthy source: Both articles are written by the German author â€Å"Benjamin Reuter†, who is working for the magazine â€Å"Wirtschafts Woche Green† , the information are coming from an interview with the named companies, which makes the article trustworthy. – Author’s credentials: Unfortunately, no details about the authors can be found in the report itself, only his name. More information about the author can be found through the Magazine â€Å"Wirtschafts Woche Green†. – Evidence of quality control: This article was published on the online site of the magazine â€Å"Wirtschafts Woche Green†, this magazine is focusing on reporting over innovative technologies and companies. A quality control is guaranteed. – Known or respected authority/organizational support: The magazine â€Å"Wirtschafts Woche Green† is a registered company, which means that the all the online articles are controlled. Conclusion: The CREDIBILITY of these articles are given. ACCURACY: – up-to-date: The articles were posted on January 2013, 11 month ago. – factual/detailed/exact: These articles were made from interviews with the named companies concerning their technology and procedure. -comprehensive: These articles can be called comprehensive as a lot of important information for my report are given. -Audience and purpose reflect intentions of completeness and accuracy: These articles supports my own research, as it gives all detailed information about the possibility , how to recycle plastic. Conclusion: the ACCURACY of this research is good. REASONABLENESS: -Fair/ Balanced/ Objective/Reasoned: These articles are fair, balanced,  objective and reasoned, as direct information from the mentioned companies were given. -No conflict of interest: These articles do not contain any conflict of interest, as it is written to inform public and does not offend anyone. – Absence of fallacies or slanted tone: No slanted tone was found in these articles. Conclusion: The REASONABLENESS of this research is given. SUPPORT: – Listed sources: a list of references is not given. – Contact information: No contact information of the authors, only the magazine can be contacted directly. Conclusion: the SUPPORT of this research is partially given 5.2 Literature Review on â€Å"Startups make plastic rubbish to oil† and â€Å"Company in Mannheim makes plastic to oil†. What is the specific topic of this article? The topic of this article is the process making oil out of recycled plastic. What is the objective of this article? The objective of this article is to provide information about how the process making oil out of recycled plastic works in practice. What are the theoretical assumptions? Assumption 1: Recycling is a great opportunity to gain raw material. Assumption 2: Oil is one of the most important resources nowadays. Assumption 3: The resource oil will even become more important in the future. How do the theoretical assumptions fit to your research? The theoretical assumptions do fit my research, because it answers the sub question â€Å"How can we recycle plastic?† and â€Å"Which are the best possibilities to recycle plastic?† The article shows a clear opportunity how to recycle plastic and make oil out of it again. As Oil is an important resource nowadays it can be seen as the best possibility together with the five step process of recycling plastic. Is there reference to specific concepts of theories/ What are the sources of information the author used? The article contains a link to the companys â€Å"Agylix† and â€Å"Vadxx†, which can be seen as a reference. The recycling process is explained with a video, which can also be seen as a reference. The sources the author used are definitely coming from the above mentioned companies. What is the research method? The research method is secondary research, the author made a research by contacting the company to get detailed information. Which type of material does the article present? The article presents detailed knowledge about the recycling process. How did the author analyze and present the data? The data were presented relying on facts through expertise from the company â€Å"Agylix† and â€Å"Vadxx†, so the author based the article on the expertise of the company. Does the author describe how the data could be interpreted? An interpretation is not available, the article only gives information about the recycling process making oil out of plastic. What are the main conclusions in the article? Main conclusion of the article is that there is possibility to get oil out of recycled plastic. Oil is one of the most wanted resources nowadays. Pioneer companies made it possible to develop a process, where 3,8 liter oil can be produced out of 5 kilogram of plastic. Furthermore the process is being explained, working as follows: The plastic gets assorted and shredded. The shredded plastic is going to be heated up by 400 degrees. Due to this heating up process, results synthetic gas. In a next step the synthetic gas cools down and results into oil, which can be used again. A last point is the CO2 emission, which is 60%, then if the plastic would simply be burned. 6. Plagiarism First of all what is Plagiarism? Definition found on â€Å"Dictionary.com†: Plagiarism is an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization and the representation of that author’s work as one’s own, as by not crediting the original author. In short, plagiarism is all about stealing someone else’s work and lying about it afterwards. During my research on how to recycle plastic rubbish, I tried to prevent plagiarism by summarizing the article into my own words. Furthermore every used source is given in APA style, at the end of the text. In short I used someone else’s knowledge, but summarized it into my own words. 7. Research ethics According to the known information the used sources did not break any common research ethics. The author of this research used information, which were freely obtainable for everyone on the Internet. In order to prevent plagiarism and only use the sources for knowledge and information, no common research ethics was broken. It was not necessary to ask permission to use the mentioned sources. 8. Discussion and Conclusion Then the research question was formulated: â€Å"What should we do with our plastic rubbish?† Furthemore three subquestions were formulated: â€Å"What is the current situation and why is it like that?† â€Å"How can we recycle our plastic rubbish?† and â€Å"Which are the best possibilities to recycle plastic?† The main research question was â€Å"What should we do with our plastic rubbish?† The first sub question â€Å"What is the current situation of plastic pollution?†, was answered as follows: It was found out that the actual situation is catastrophic and is even getting worse. 60 to 80% of marine debris are in direct contact with plastic pollution, the 5 largest gyres of our oceans show an enormous concentration of plastic pollution. This high concentration of plastic pollution results into our food chain being affected and finally being the cause for several diseases for animals and humanity. This fact lead to the next sub question, â€Å"How can we recycle our plastic rubbish?† The answer to this question has been found in the two other summarized articles. It has been found out that there are companies, which are specialized in plastic recycling, following a five step process. In this five step process the plastic gets sorted, washed, schredded, identified/classified and finally extruded. The end product is called rGrade plastic, which can either be manufactured by adding virgin plastic, or used for further recycling. This further recycling leads us to a second effective possibility of plastic recycling. Transforming plastic into oil, which is one of the most wanted resources nowadays. Pioneer companies made it possible to develop a process, where 3,8 liter oil can be produced out of 5 kilogram of plastic. This process works as follows: The plastic gets assorted and shredded. The shredded plastic is going to be heated up by 400 degrees. Due to this heating up process, results synthetic gas. In a next step the synthetic gas cools down and results into oil, which can be used again. An important aspect of this process is also the CO2 emission. It uses 60% less CO2 emission, then if the plastic would simply be burned. The last sub question â€Å"Which are the best possibilities to recycle plastic†, has also been answered. We can say that the â€Å"five step recycling process† is the basic, which should be consequently applied all over the world. The possibility to gain oil out of used plastic again, should be seen as a continuation on the â€Å"five step recycling process†. To answer the main question â€Å"What should we do with our plastic rubbish?† It can be said that the answer is recycling as much as possible. Recycling due to innovative techniques, which can be further developed and ameliorated. The reason humanity has to focus on plastic recycling is not only because of the fact humanity is polluting his earth, which is our source of life. Furthermore the wasteful use of resources will create economical crises, prices of essential products will rise into immeasurable circumstances and make life on earth much harder. All people do need to start thinking long-term and more important in a sustainable way! 9. Reference List 9.1 Summaries, Literature review Catto Fellowship Program (2012). â€Å"Global declaration on plastic pollution† SUBMISSION TO UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT In advance of the rio earth summit. Written on June, 2012, from http://www.uncsd2012.org/content/documents/621Cattos%20Plastic%20Pollution%20 Submission.pdf Benjamin Reuter (2013). Wirtschafts Woche Green, Startup company makes plastic to oil. Written on January, 2013, from http://green.wiwo.de/kreislaufwirtschaft-plastikdeponien-werden-zu-olfeldern/ Benjamin Reuter (2013). WirtschaftsWoche Green, Company in Mannheim makes plastic to oil. Written on January 31, 2013, from http://green.wiwo.de/innovation-fabrik-in-mannheim-macht-plastikmull-zu-ol/ Daniel Marriott (2011). Pr Log, 5 Stages of the Plastic Recycling Process. Written on October 27, 2011, from http://www.prlog.org/11708649-5-stages-of-the-plastic-recycling-process.html 9.2 Other articles Technikatlas.de. Plastic recycling from http://www.technikatlas.de/~tb4/recycling.htm Diana Bocco & Bronwyn Harris (2013). How is plastic recycled? Written on December 20, 2013 from http://www.wisegeek.org/how-is-plastic-recycled.htm Eco Reading (2007). Reading Recycles 1-7 Plastic. Written on June 7, 2007, from http://ecoreading.blogspot.nl/2007/06/reading-recycles-1-7-plastic.html Ck Polymers. Website from recycling company : http://www.ckpolymers.co.uk/ http://www.ckpolymers.co.uk/polymers http://www.ckpolymers.co.uk/polymers/plastic-identification-information 9.3 Pictures Front page picture: https://www.google.nl/search?hl=de&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1280&bih= 621&q=Plastikm%C3%BCll&oq=Plastikm%C3%BCll&gs_l=img.3..0l10.2259.6057.0.6372.13.10.1.2.2.0.119.949.7j3.10.0†¦.0†¦1ac.1.27.img..0.13.998.sgL6hhgqFyY#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=UKWSgudQNm8SGM%3A%3BIHIxbqd3Gq6txM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.wz-newsline.de%252Fpolopoly_fs%252F1.1289863.1365710844!%252FhttpImage%252FonlineImage.jpg_gen%252Fderivatives%252Flandscape_550%252FonlineImage.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.wz-newsline.de%252Fhome%252Fpolitik%252Fvermuellte-meere-kampf-gegen-kostenlose-plastiktueten-1.1289876%3B550%3B328

Free Essays on I Felt A Funeral

The poem I felt a funeral, in my Brain by Emily Dickinson is a dream about the speaker’s death. This is evident because of the capitalization of brain in the line â€Å"I felt a funeral in my Brain,† In the poem the speaker does not only discuss the physical aspects of dying but also the process of mourning. Emily Dickinson herself loved earth and was unsure about letting go of it to move on to heaven. This poem shows the speaker mourning the loss of her connection with earth rather than a person. The poem follows a traditional New England funeral. The people begin to enter the church for the service. The repetition of the word treading and to and fro gives the reader a repetitive feeling. The repetition of the rhythm of the mourners going back and forth annoys the speaker. The noise of her friends and family alive and her dead and disconnected bothered her. Then they tread â€Å"till it seemed/ That Sense was breaking through- â€Å" the capitalizes word sense illustrates the dreamer almost waking up. In the next stanza the mourners are seated for the service, this line shows that the dreamer has gone back to sleep. The service is described to be like a drum and that is â€Å"†¦beating- beating- till I thought/ My Mind was going numb- â€Å" Again, the repetition and the word numb shows how as they speak about her life the poet is aggravated that she has to leave it behind. The next stanza the dreamer hears â€Å"them lift a Box† the box is capitalized and is used to describe the coffin. Box also sounds more confined than a coffin and the dreamer is feeling confined from the world. The line â€Å"With those same Boots of Lead, again,† is showing that once again she is feeling separated from life. Boots of Lead is a heavier phrase than the others describing the feeling. Dickinson did this because she wanted to show the feeling of solitude becoming stronger as the dreamer is closer to being buried, and separated from life forever. ... Free Essays on I Felt A Funeral Free Essays on I Felt A Funeral The poem I felt a funeral, in my Brain by Emily Dickinson is a dream about the speaker’s death. This is evident because of the capitalization of brain in the line â€Å"I felt a funeral in my Brain,† In the poem the speaker does not only discuss the physical aspects of dying but also the process of mourning. Emily Dickinson herself loved earth and was unsure about letting go of it to move on to heaven. This poem shows the speaker mourning the loss of her connection with earth rather than a person. The poem follows a traditional New England funeral. The people begin to enter the church for the service. The repetition of the word treading and to and fro gives the reader a repetitive feeling. The repetition of the rhythm of the mourners going back and forth annoys the speaker. The noise of her friends and family alive and her dead and disconnected bothered her. Then they tread â€Å"till it seemed/ That Sense was breaking through- â€Å" the capitalizes word sense illustrates the dreamer almost waking up. In the next stanza the mourners are seated for the service, this line shows that the dreamer has gone back to sleep. The service is described to be like a drum and that is â€Å"†¦beating- beating- till I thought/ My Mind was going numb- â€Å" Again, the repetition and the word numb shows how as they speak about her life the poet is aggravated that she has to leave it behind. The next stanza the dreamer hears â€Å"them lift a Box† the box is capitalized and is used to describe the coffin. Box also sounds more confined than a coffin and the dreamer is feeling confined from the world. The line â€Å"With those same Boots of Lead, again,† is showing that once again she is feeling separated from life. Boots of Lead is a heavier phrase than the others describing the feeling. Dickinson did this because she wanted to show the feeling of solitude becoming stronger as the dreamer is closer to being buried, and separated from life forever. ...

Beautiful Happiness In A Meaningless Life Short Story English Literature Essay

Beautiful Happiness In A Meaningless Life Short Story English Literature Essay I intend to write a short story featuring a few of the more potent themes present within the novelette â€Å"The Outsider†. This short story has simply been written to entertain, and explore the central themes and issues that I have chosen. The content of the story is gruesome and described with vivid details in some cases, so the target audience would be fairly mature, and have an orientation towards fanciful fantasy worlds. The story is set in a land where the local entertainment consists of arena type pit fights. These pit fights are similar to a council of the city’s rich and wealthiest, with the lower classes also in attendance. These pit fights are also the place where status is gained and lost among these affluent members of society, with the slaves that compete being used as a means to this end. I have also interpreted the ending of â€Å"The Outsider† differently in my story, with my main character realising that he can make a difference with his life, and that he can live for other people rather than himself only. The content of the story is gruesome and described with vivid details in some cases, so the target audience would be fairly mature, and have an orientation towards fanciful fantasy worlds. The story is set in a land where the local entertainment consists of arena type pit fights. These pit fights are similar to a council of the city’s rich and wealthiest, with the lower classes also in attendance. These pit fights are also the place where status is gained and lost among these affluent members of society, with the slaves that compete being used as a means to this end. I have also interpreted the ending of â€Å"The Outsider† differently in my story, with my main character realising that he can make a difference with his life, and that he can live for other people rather than himself only. The ring of steel on steel resounded around the arena, to join the din of gaudy music and jeering shouts ensuing from th e on looking patrons of this violent event. The ‘Slave Games’ took place every day, from the blaze of the new fire in the sky at its start, to its dying embers at dusk. The games consisted of slaves and a monster entered by the ‘Games Keeper’. Of course to make it more complicated, there were two different types of slaves, the ones entered by their master, and the ones donated. By a slave being entered it was similar to a bet being placed, with a small fee for entry paid to the games master, the fee also gave slaves the privilege of a weapon of choice. At the conclusion of the battle if the monster was the last one standing, the games master would keep the majority of the winnings, otherwise if a slave was the victor; their master was granted higher standing in society and a large sum of gold as their winnings. There was also an unspoken tradition, that the victorious slave was granted freedom for their heroic deeds performed within the arena. The ‘do nated’ slaves on the other hand, were the unwanted outcasts of rich society that the Games Keeper bought for a small fee, to â€Å"liven up the games† as he would call it.

Information Technology in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Information Technology in Business - Essay Example It can make employees more comfortable and happy, which in turn yields better results in productivity. It might also be able to conserve on time and resources by making work easier and faster. It is one of the most beneficial creations of the new century, which has taken human life into a new era of technological advancement, into a world where new possibilities are achievable and business experiences a new perspective, which is easier to handle, yet gives you better results, definitely a worthy option to be considered worth applying and thus executing a better corporate position and get endless business opportunities. Information management is one of the fastest growing areas of experimentation these days, with new areas being explored everyday and new evolutions and revolutions taking place in very short lapses of time. (C Kenneth Allard, 2004) The paper talks about the implications of information technology for businesses in order to achieve competitive advantage over other competent business rivals. Further more; it talks about different aspects of IT, the reasons why IT is not the only thing to be considered and finally, the different implications of IT and some examples of the systems that can be used to achieve competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is basically a hold of a particular firm over the industry. It is an advantage that a company has over others due to a particular service that only this particular firm provides or any system that is integrated only in this particular firm etc. In order to maintain its competitive advantage, a company should keep a close watch over its potential competitors in order to minimize the risk of losing its competitive advantage for not being aware enough. It is a position of a firm in the world of business, a space that it enjoys being better than its competitors in a particular area or a general environment. But, no matter how much the competitively advantaged the firm is, its never unbeatable; not even in the cases of a monopoly. The competitive advantage only lasts till the competitors don't have that particular advancement. The moment they do, the competitive advantage is gone. Thus, to conserve the competitive advantage, a firm must keep on updating its status and looking up for more opportunities of advantage. IT & Competitive Advantage: It is one of the biggest factors that help a firm in achieving competitive advantage. It has so many aspects attached to it that one aspect or the other is bound to provide competitive advantage. Nicholas G (2004) described that the only thing that is needed is the eye to look for it and the mind to implement it in a unique, personalized and customized way so that it is integrated in the firm and is hard for the competitors to achieve and thus ensures the possibility of long lived competitive advantage instead of a short lived one. IT assists Business Growth: The organizations and companies are under constant pressure of competition. First this competition was just with the local industries, organizations and companies, but as the world is coming closer and closer every day and is turning into a global village, the circle of competition has grown from local